Oil burner



v EfiQfiJW A. w. MORSE OIL BURNER Filed May 17, 1926 ALBERT W ORSE 1N VEN T01? Patented Jan. 8, 1929.

UETED; STATES 011. B RNER.

ALBERT W. MORSE, 0F LONG ISLANDCITY, NEW YORK.

Application filed I lay 17,1926. Serial in. 109,638,

This invention relates" to, improvements in oil burners, and isespecially adapted for "use with thekind known as natural draft.burners, that "is, burners suitable for installation in small boilers orfurnaces of the'domestic type, in which airis' in through the open doorof the ash pit to be passed through a manifold which discharges the airso drawn-in over the hot plate to cause combustion. The resulting flameis propagated between the branches of the manifold thereby slightlypreheating the air.

With burners of this type, however, the

one objectionable feature is frequent carbonizing of the burner, thatis, the space around the-manifold and the walls of the firebox of thefurnace or boiler become coated with carbon due to the comparativelycool temperature of the heating surfaces of the boiler and the burnerwith which the flame comes in contact. w I have found bycarefulexperiments that by raising the temperature of the combustionspace around the flame and the surfaces with which it contacts, theunconsumed articles of oil which are usually deposite in form of carbon,are entirely consumed, and carbonizing with its subsequent frequentcleaning entirely eliminated.

I accomplish this desired result by completely enclosing the burnermanifold in the firebox of the furnace with a perforatedv dome-shapedcasingof, preferably, a: refractory material, the walls of which are inspaced relation from the walls of the firebox of the boiler and from themanifold, providin effectively a primary combustion chamlier for theburner within the firebox which latter may be considered a secondarycombustion chamber. By so doing, I increase greatly the temperaturearound the manifold of the burner which preheats the air drawn intherethrough and discharges it over the hot plate at a muchhigher'degree than heretofore which results in quicker vaporization ofthe oil. Furthermore, the casing, being of refractory or other suitablematerial which when heated beoomes incandescent, radiates such amtamount of heat that all pa ticles of unconsumed oil, i. e. carbon,--

areburn ed up. No carbonescapes'tlirough" the perforations ofthe casingafter "the latter' becomes entirely incandescent and the radiantcharacteristics ofiwhich furnish an I evenly distributed heat over theentireheatk ing surface of the boiler exposed" thereto WhlCll 1s sogreatly desired to'increa'se"the! efficiency of the heatin'g'plant.

In the accompanying drawings, illustra tive of a preferred embodiment ofmy invention, I I

Fig. 1 shows a diagrammatic fragmentary vertical sectional View througha heating boiler of the domestic type with a typical burner placedwithin its firebox and a domeshaped casing in accordance the principleof my inventlon' placed over the same; j

Fig. 2 is a horizontal cross sectional view and along the plane of line2-2 in F ig. 1.

Like characters of reference denote simi-' lar parts throughout bothviews. I 10 is a boiler or furnace having a firebox 11 and an ashpit 12provided with adoor opening 13. 14 are grate bars. Placed upon the gratebars 14 is a circular base plate 15 of a burner, having four passages16, preferably, oblong with corners rounded. Fit-, ted into recesses 17on topofj the base 15 is a manifold or housing 18 consisting of fourupwardly extendin hollow branches 19, shaped in cross section to matchthe'inlets 16 of the base, connected to a top chamber 20 which has adownwardly,extending open branch 21 in its center. The base 15 has abowl-shaped open recess 22 at its top. Screwed into a boss 23 in thecenter of the recess 22 is a vaporizer or hot plate 24 consisting of ashank 25 and a slightly down- 'wardly slanting circular top' 26. 27are-cir--- cular grooves inthe top 26, and 28 is a central oil passage.Vaporizer 24 is in central alignment with downwardly extending branch 21of the manifold 18.

29 is an oil pipe nipple connected to the lower side of the base 15 inline with oil as sage 28 of the vaporizer and extending mto the ashpit12. 30 is a dish-shaped overflow pan, fastened to the oil pipen1pplei29. 31 is an oil supply pipe. led into the ashpit through itsdoor opening 13 and connected to the underside of overflow pan 30 incommunication with the nipple 29 and oilpassage 28 of the vaporizer.32'is an overflow nipple screwed into the bottom of base 1 5 III - Thethe boiler'and fastened thereto mlevel posigim by a la or 41 of cementor other suitle material which fills up the space around the burner baseand the walls of the firebox 11, completely closin ofi communicationbetween the firebox and the ashpit.

37 is a casing having upwardly extending circular walls 38merging into adome-shape top 39. .40 are perforations through the casing. Casing 37 isplaced upon the layer of cement 41 on the grate bars and completelyencloses the manifold 18 of the burner. This casing is showndiagrammatically only asin one piece. In practical use, in order toinsert it conveniently into the firebox of the boiler, it may be builtup in horizontal zones of several layers with a top placed thereon, orit may be made of radially extending seg ments, or a combination ofboth. The mate- I rial to be used is preferably a refractory composition such as silica carbide, or the like, which becomes incandescentwhen heated and ossesses the desired radiant characteristics. ilepreferring a refractory material, a metal having similar characteristicsmay, of course, also be used for the casing.

The operation of the device is, as followsi The vaporizer is heated byoil-soaked wicking placed in the bowl 22 below it or by any otherconvenient means. An oil supply valve (snot shown) is then opened toadmit oil uner slight pressure to pipe 31, nipple 29, assage 28, ontothe top of the vaporizer, fil ing circular grooves 27. Air is drawn intothe branches 19 of the manifold 18 through base openings 16 from theashpit communicating with the atmosphere and discharged from outlet 21directly over the vaporizer where it mixes with-the oil gases and breaksinto a flame which issues out from within the inner sides of thebranches 19 through the relatively small spaces between them andenvelops the manifold, practically filling the entire space between themanifold and the in ner wall of the casing 37. Gases of combustioncommunicate with the chimney through perforations 40 of the casing. Iftoo much oil is fed to the vaporizer, the surplus will overflow into theoverflow pan 30 through duct 33 and nipple 32 to actuate the usual formof safety valve (not shown) which automatically reducesor shuts oil thesupply of oil to the burner.

During operation, the casing 37 becomes incandescent and its radiantheat characteristics raise the temperature within it to an appreciabledegree, so that the air drawn into the branches of the manifold ispreheated to a much greater degree than in the-usual form of burner notem lo ing this casing. The air being preheate will vaporize the oil muchmore thoroughly and more quickly and will not chill the top of thevaporizer. In order to impart the maximum amount of heat to the airpassing through the manifold, I have shaped the branches of oblong crosssection. and reduced the flame outlets between. Because of the high heatwithin the casing 37, the manifold 18 must be made of a particularlywell heat resisting composition, and a refractory material similar tothat of the easing may also be very advantageously used. In practice ithas been found that the high tern rature chamber surrounding the manifoland the high temperature of the casing itself, through perforations ofwhich the flame or its gases must ass, burns up all carbon and resultsin a 0 can flame within the chamber. The casing itself, being entirelyincandescent, subjects the 'eatest possible amount of heating surface 0the boiler to the action of its radiant heat.

While I have shown, by way of illustration, a burner of the naturaldraft type using atmospheric air for combustion, I do not wish to limitthe application of the casing embodying the principal feature of myinven tion to burners of such type, but any type burner may be used inwhich air is forced into it by atmospheric pressure or by blower andwhich is connected to either a vaporizer, as shown, or to mix with Ollor gas discharged from a nozzle, or other source of supply, the 100principal object being to surround that part of the burner whichcontains the air passages and the primary combustion chamber of theburner with a high temperature zone confined within a casing havingwalls possessing m5 radiant characteristics.

Moreover, while the casing surrounding the burner has been illustratedwith round perforations, obviously any other form of communicationbetween the burner flame and no the chimney may be used, such as anannular -slot on top of the dome, for instance, and the term perforationshould be interpreted in its broadest sense.

Furthermore, while I have shown the casing indelpendently of themanifold of the burner, do not wish to limit myself to this recisearrangement, but may desire to emfold the casing integrally with themani- It is understood that'vari ous other changes, in the form,proportion, minor details of con struction may be resorted to withoutdeparting from the principle or sacrificing any of the invention, asdefined in the appended 12: claim.

What I claim as new, is:

The combination w: the firebox of a heating boiler, of an 01 burneradapted to be placed upon the grate bars of the firebox, 130

1,698,103 v x o burner having a housing for conducting eir to thepoint'of oil discharge, the said hous- Eng having air inletsatits bottomand its out-' let being adapted to discharge air down- 9 werdly, and,resting upon the grate bars, a perforated casing of refractory materialaround the said housing and in spaced relation to the heating surfacesof the boiler, the

ALBERT W. MORSE.

